Two-Dimensional Lists
This tutorial is for Processing's Python Mode. If you see any errors or have comments, please let us know. This tutorial is adapted from the book, Learning Processing, by Daniel Shiffman, published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A list keeps track of multiple
pieces of information in linear order, or a single dimension. However, the data associated
with certain systems (a digital image, a board game, etc.) lives in two dimensions. To
visualize this data, we need a multi-dimensional data structure, that is, a multi-dimensional
list.
Or you could have a two-dimensional list of three courses, each containing three things you eat: (lettuce, tomatoes, salad dressing) and (steak, mashed potatoes, string beans) and (cake, ice cream, coffee) In the case of a list, our old-fashioned one-dimensional list looks like this: myList = [0,1,2,3] And a two-dimensional list looks like this: myList = [ [0,1,2,3], [3,2,1,0], [3,5,6,1], [3,8,3,4] ] For our purposes, it is better to think of the two-dimensional list as a matrix. A matrix can be thought of as a grid of numbers, arranged in rows and columns, kind of like a bingo board. We might write the two-dimensional list out as follows to illustrate this point: myList = [ [0, 1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1, 0], [3, 5, 6, 1], [3, 8, 3, 4] ]
myList = [ [236, 189, 189, 0], [236, 80, 189, 189], [236, 0, 189, 80], [236, 189, 189, 80] ]
myList = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]; for index in len(myList): myList[index] = 0 # Set element at "index" to 0.
myList= [ [0, 1, 2] [3, 4, 5] [6, 7, 8] ] # Two nested loops allow us to visit every spot in a 2D list. # For every column i, visit every row j. for i in len(myList): for j in len(myList[0]): myList[i][j] = 0
# Example: 2D List def setup(): size(200,200) nRows = height nCols = width myList = make2dList(nRows, nCols) drawPoints(myList) def make2dList(nRows, nCols): newList = [] for row in xrange(nRows): # give each new row an empty list newList.append([]) for col in xrange(nCols): # Make every column in every row a random int from 0 to 255 newList[row].append(int(random(255))) return newList def drawPoints(pointList): for y in xrange(len(pointList)): for x in xrange(len(pointList[0])): stroke(pointList[y][x]) rect(x,y,10,10)
A two-dimensional list can also be used to store objects, which is especially convenient for programming
sketches that involve some sort of "grid" or "board." The following example displays a grid of Cell
objects stored in a two-dimensional list. Each cell is a rectangle whose brightness oscillates from 0-255
with a sine function.
Example: 2D Array of Objects # Number of columns and rows in the grid nCols = 10; nRows = 10; def setup(): global nCols, nRows, grid size(200,200) grid = makeGrid() for i in xrange(nCols): for j in xrange(nRows): # Initialize each object grid[i][j] = Cell(i*20,j*20,20,20,i+j) def draw(): global nCols, nRows, grid background(0) # The counter variables i and j are also the column and row numbers and # are used as arguments to the constructor for each object in the grid. for i in xrange(nCols): for j in xrange(nRows): # Oscillate and display each object grid[i][j].oscillate() grid[i][j].display() # Creates a 2D List of 0's, nCols x nRows large def makeGrid(): global nCols, nRows grid = [] for i in xrange(nCols): # Create an empty list for each row grid.append([]) for j in xrange(nRows): # Pad each column in each row with a 0 grid[i].append(0) return grid # A Cell object class Cell(): # A cell object knows about its location in the grid # it also knows of its size with the variables x,y,w,h. def __init__(self, tempX, tempY, tempW, tempH, tempAngle): self.x = tempX self.y = tempY self.w = tempW self.h = tempH self.angle = tempAngle # Oscillation means increase angle def oscillate(self): self.angle += 0.02; def display(self): stroke(255) # Color calculated using sine wave fill(127+127*sin(self.angle)) rect(self.x,self.y,self.w,self.h)
This tutorial is for Python Mode in Processing 2+. If you see any errors or have comments, please let us know. This tutorial is adapted from the book, Learning Processing by Daniel Schiffman, by Daniel Shiffman, published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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